A keloid scar is a type of raised, thick, and often larger-than-normal scar that forms at the site of an injury or surgery. Unlike regular scars, keloids can grow beyond the boundaries of the original wound, continuing to expand over time. These scars can be discolored (often pink, red, or purple), itchy, and even painful in some cases, making them both a cosmetic and functional concern for many individuals.
Keloid scars are caused by an overproduction of collagen during the healing process, leading to excessive tissue growth. While anyone can develop keloid scars, some individuals are more prone to them due to genetic factors, skin type, or the location of the injury. Fortunately, several treatment options are available to reduce the appearance of keloid scars and manage the symptoms they cause.
Here’s an in-depth look at what causes keloid scars, their characteristics, and the treatment options available.
What Causes Keloid Scars?
Keloid scars form when the body produces too much collagen during the wound healing process. Normally, when the skin is injured, the body produces collagen to repair the damage, creating a scar. In people who develop keloids, the body continues to produce collagen even after the wound has healed, resulting in the raised and enlarged scar tissue.
Several factors can contribute to the formation of keloid scars, including:
- Genetics: Keloid formation often runs in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition. People with darker skin tones, including individuals of African, Asian, or Hispanic descent, are more likely to develop keloids.
- Injury or Trauma: Keloids can form after various types of skin injuries, such as surgical incisions, cuts, burns, acne, or even piercings and tattoos.
- Location of the Scar: Keloids are more common on certain parts of the body, including the chest, shoulders, earlobes, and upper back.
- Age: Keloid scars are more likely to develop in younger individuals, especially between the ages of 10 and 30.
What Do Keloid Scars Look Like?
Keloid scars can vary in appearance but generally share several common characteristics:
- Raised and Thick: Keloids are raised above the skin’s surface and can feel firm or rubbery to the touch.
- Large and Spreading: Unlike typical scars, keloids can grow beyond the edges of the original wound, sometimes becoming much larger than the initial injury.
- Discoloration: Keloid scars are often a different color from the surrounding skin, appearing red, pink, or purple. Over time, they may darken or fade slightly.
- Itchy or Painful: Some keloids can cause discomfort, including itching, tenderness, or pain, especially if they continue to grow.
Keloids are generally not harmful to your overall health, but they can cause emotional distress or physical discomfort due to their appearance or size.
Can Keloid Scars Be Treated?
Yes, keloid scars can be treated, though they are more challenging to manage compared to regular scars. It’s important to note that no single treatment works for everyone, and multiple treatment sessions may be required to reduce the size and appearance of a keloid. In some cases, even after treatment, keloids may recur.
Here are some of the most common treatment options for keloid scars:
1. Steroid Injections
Corticosteroid injections are one of the most common and effective treatments for reducing the size and thickness of keloid scars. Steroids work by reducing inflammation and slowing down the production of collagen in the scar tissue.
How it works:
- The steroid is injected directly into the keloid scar to soften the tissue and flatten the raised scar.
- Multiple sessions may be needed over a few weeks or months to achieve the desired results.
- Steroid injections can also help relieve itching and discomfort associated with keloids.
While steroid injections are effective for many people, there is a chance that the keloid may recur after treatment.
2. Laser Therapy
Laser treatment can be used to reduce the size and color of keloid scars. Lasers work by targeting the blood vessels in the keloid, reducing redness and flattening the scar over time.
How it works:
- A high-energy laser is directed at the keloid to reduce its thickness and promote smoother skin.
- Multiple sessions are typically required for the best results.
- Laser therapy can be combined with other treatments, such as steroid injections, to enhance effectiveness.
While laser therapy can improve the appearance of keloid scars, it may not completely eliminate the scar, and results can vary based on the individual.
3. Surgical Excision
In some cases, surgical removal of the keloid scar may be recommended, especially for larger keloids. During this procedure, the surgeon removes the keloid scar, and steps are taken to minimize the chance of recurrence.
How it works:
- The keloid is carefully excised (cut out), and the area is stitched back together.
- To reduce the risk of the keloid returning, other treatments such as radiation therapy, steroid injections, or silicone sheets may be applied post-surgery.
While surgery can remove the keloid, there is a risk of the keloid growing back, often larger than the original. For this reason, surgery is usually combined with additional treatments to improve the chances of success.
4. Silicone Sheets or Gels
Silicone-based treatments, such as silicone sheets or gels, are commonly used to manage keloid scars. Silicone is applied to the surface of the scar to flatten and soften the tissue over time.
How it works:
- Silicone sheets are worn over the keloid for several hours a day, often for weeks or months, to reduce the scar’s size and thickness.
- Silicone gels can also be applied daily and are a more discreet option for facial keloids or scars in visible areas.
Silicone treatments are non-invasive and can be effective for smaller or newer keloids, but they may take time to show results.
5. Cryotherapy
Cryotherapy involves freezing the keloid scar with liquid nitrogen to destroy the scar tissue. This treatment is often used for smaller keloids and can be effective in reducing the size and hardness of the scar.
How it works:
- Liquid nitrogen is applied to the keloid, freezing the scar tissue and causing it to shrink.
- Multiple treatments may be required, depending on the size and location of the keloid.
Cryotherapy is sometimes used in combination with other treatments, such as steroid injections, for better results.
6. Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy is sometimes used after surgical excision of a keloid to reduce the risk of recurrence. Radiation targets the scar tissue and prevents it from growing back by inhibiting the production of collagen.
How it works:
- Low-dose radiation is delivered to the site of the keloid immediately after surgery or in subsequent sessions to prevent regrowth.
- This treatment is typically reserved for severe or recurrent keloids that do not respond to other therapies.
Radiation therapy can be effective in preventing keloid recurrence, but it is generally used with caution due to potential long-term risks.
Can Keloid Scars Be Prevented?
While some people are genetically predisposed to keloid scars, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing them after an injury or surgery:
- Avoid unnecessary skin trauma, such as piercings or tattoos, especially in areas prone to keloid formation.
- Follow your doctor’s wound care instructions carefully after surgery or injury to promote proper healing.
- Use silicone sheets or gels during the healing process to minimize scar formation.
- Consider corticosteroid injections or other preventive treatments if you have a history of keloids.
Why Choose Dr. Stanwix for Keloid Scar Treatment in Richmond, VA?
If you’re dealing with keloid scars, Dr. Matthew G. Stanwix, a board-certified plastic surgeon in Richmond, VA, offers personalized consultations to help you explore the best treatment options for your unique needs. Whether you’re looking to reduce the size of an existing keloid or prevent recurrence after surgery, Dr. Stanwix provides expert care and tailored treatment plans.
Contact Stanwix Plastic Surgery Today
Ready to address your keloid scars? Contact Stanwix Plastic Surgery in Richmond, VA to schedule a consultation with Dr. Matthew G. Stanwix. Serving clients throughout Richmond, Charlottesville, Williamsburg, and beyond.
Location:
Stanwix Plastic Surgery
12320 West Broad Street, Suite 205
Richmond, VA 23233
Phone: 804-724-7244
